International Integration and Economic Freedom: The SECA as a Mechanism for Ecuador’s International Projection towards Asia-Pacific

Abstract

This article examines the Strategic Economic Cooperation Agreement (SECA) between Ecuador and the Republic of Korea (ROK) as an instrument of international integration. From an International Relations perspective and drawing on an approach to economic freedom centred on market openness and international trade, it explores the extent to which the SECA contributes to diversifying Ecuador’s trade relations, strengthening its engagement with the Asia-Pacific region, and expanding opportunities for Ecuadorian economic actors to participate in international markets. It also analyses how the agreement may help reduce competitive disadvantages vis-à-vis other countries in the region, such as Peru, Colombia, and Chile, which already have trade agreements with Korea, by promoting improved market access, competitiveness, and predictability for Ecuadorian products and economic activities. Additionally, the article reflects on the media coverage surrounding the agreement following its approval by the National Assembly, highlighting the gap between its structural significance and the public narrative surrounding it. Overall, the article argues that the SECA extends beyond its immediate trade implications, constituting an instrument through which Ecuador can expand its economic exchanges, diversify its international relations, and strengthen its engagement with the Asia-Pacific region. However, the extent to which these benefits materialise will depend on the country’s ability to capitalise on the opportunities for market openness and access offered by the agreement.